Aftermath of the Civil War 

3 Key Issues

2.  Western Movement and Indian Genocide
          Wounded Knee    Wounded Knee  

3.  Triumph of Capitalism  (North v. South)   
          Industrialization and Incorporation

Terms:
Freedmen's Bureau
Sharecropping
Dawes Act

U.S. Coal Production
1870--20K tons/yr
1900--212K
1910--417K

Rolled Steel Production
1870--14K tons/yr
1900--303K
1910--544K

Industrial Machinery
1870--$117 millions
1910--$512 billions

Production, Overproduction, and Markets
Missionaries and Imperialists
Hawaii
Cuba
The New Empire
Critics  ("To The Person Sitting in Darkness")  

Terms:
SURPLUS CAPITAL
     Frederick Jackson Turner, Josiah Strong, John Fiske, Brooks Adams, A.T. Mahan, Charles Conant
"Social Darwinism"
THE OPEN DOOR
Queen Liliuokalani    
Spanish-American War
Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo    
Mark Twain 

U.S. Cotton Production and Prices
1870--4.3 million bales           1871--18¢/lb
1882--6.9 m                             1880--10¢/lb
1891--9.0 m                             1891--7¢/lb

Terms:
Lincoln Steffens
Ida Tarbell
Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
Pure Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act
Social Gospel
Alice Paul/Carrie Chapman Catt
Margaret Sanger
Pragmatism, "Brandeis Brief"

EMPIRE AND THE GREAT WAR
European Background (Map c. 1900) 
     Lenin's Critique of Capitalism  (Lenin image)
The Race for Empire
     Britain, France, Germany
Entangling Alliances
Balkans Powderkeg  (map)   
-------
U.S. Response
Wilson's so-called Neutrality  (Wilson Image)  
Financial Support
International Law--submarines (Image)  

Terms:
Imperialism, theHighest Stage of Capitalism
entente cordiale
Open Door
Robert Lansing
Colonel Edward House
William Jennings Bryan
The Lusitania (Image) 
House-Grey Memorandum
The Sussex
"Making the World Safe for Democracy"

U.S. Exports
 To Allies                            To Germany
1914        $754m                     $345m
1915        $1.28b                     $29m
1916        $2.75b                     $2m

The Continuing Crisis in Europe: The Versailles Conference  (Image) 
     Bolshevism (Image)   
     Germany: Reparations or Reintegration-Setting the Stage for
                                                                            World War II
 The Fight for the League of Nations, Abroad and at Home

Questions and Lamentations
Reds
Containing Labor

Terms:
All Quiet on the Western Front
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Palmer Raids

The New Corporate State
Herbert Hoover and Trade Associations
Consumer Culture /Loans and Advertising  [Image]   [Image]  [Image]  [Image]  [Image]  [Image]  [image--contemporary] 
     Buying Fun and Economic Growth
    
CRASH!!!!

Causes:  Surplus Capital, Foreign Economic Crises, Stock Market,
Lack of Economic Diversity, Poverty, Credit Crunch
   
Hoover's Responses:  Balanced Budget, Tariffs, Government Spending
______
Terms:
productionism
Dawes Plan

The International Debt Triangle:

Germany pays reparations to France, England
France, England pay off Loans to U.S.
U.S. sends aid, such as Dawes Plan, to Germany

Trade drops, from $3b in 1929, to $900m in 1933 and currencies are devalued     
US Share of Global Trade
Shrinking Global Trade 
 

Europe (Map of German Expansion)  
    Mussolini and Hitler
    British and French [Non]-response
        Rhineland Reoccupation--1936    (Map) 
        Spanish Civil War (Poster)   (Spanish anti-fascist posters) 
        Anschluss, 1938   (Image)  
        Munich, 1938  (Image) 
        Sudetenland/Czechoslovakia--1938   (Map)
        Poland, 1 September 1939   (Map)  
Asia
    America, Tokyo and the "Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" (Map) 
        Manchukuo
        The Invasion of China

The U.S.
    Isolationism
    Undeclared War (article)   (Woody Guthrie--"The Sinking of the Reuben James") 
    Conflict in the Pacific
    "The Arsenal of Democracy"
_____
Terms:
Nazis
Fascists

Franco
Neville Chamberlain
Mukden Incident
Pearl Harbor
Neutrality Acts
"Phony War"
The Battle of Britain
"Cash and Carry"
Destroyers for Bases
Lend-Lease

______
Terms:

Nazi-Soviet Pact
Yalta
Potsdam
Manhattan Project
Atomic Diplomacy:
    Feb. 1945: Soviet agrees to war v. Japan
    Spring 1945: U.S. planners expect Japanese surrender
    Spring/Summer 1945: Japanese overtures to Soviet; American
        planning for invasion (1 November 45, 1 January 46), casualty estimates 25-50K 
    VE Day: Soviet to enter war in Asia on 8 August
    July 1945: Stalling Potsdam
    16 July: Potsdam Conference and Almogordo (Truman before the conference)   (Truman's shift in demeanor)    
    6 August: Hiroshima (bombing image)  (city image)   (casualty image)
    9 August: Nagasaki

The Alperovitz Debate
Critics of the Bomb 

    Reconstructing Postwar Europe
        Yalta and the Question of Eastern Europe
            Poland   (map)  
            Germany   (4 Zones and Reparations (map))

Strategies for Hegemony: Economic and Political

	Bretton Woods
		IMF [Currency Stabilization]
		World Bank ["reconstruction and development"]
		The dollar and convertibility

	United Nations
		Security Council and Veto
		Inclusion and Power

    Containment: Economic, Military and Political  [Kennan]
        Bretton Woods, Loans and the Marshall Plan
        The "Iron Curtain"
        The Truman Doctrine
        Berlin Blockade
        NATO

    ASIA
        Chinese Civil War: Mao Zedong [CCP] vs. Jiang Jieshi [Guomindang]
        The "China Lobby"

        The Cold War Turns Hot:  Korea  (map)  
        NSC-68 and Military Keynesianism

    "Ducks" Everywhere
        Iran, 1953: The Fall of Mossadegh   (map)  
        Guatemala, 1954: Ousting Arbenz    (Map) 
        Cuba, 1959-present: Contesting Castro
        Chile, 1973: The Allende "Threat"

   1945-Present: The Spectres of Nationalism and Neutralism
        Indonesia, Egypt, India  [Sukarno, Nasser, Nehru]
 

Red Scare, Again

   McCarthyism
   "Who Lost China?"
   Labor/Taft-Hartley
   The Rosenbergs
    "God Bless America"

 African Americans/Civil Rights
  Robeson, DuBois, Haywood, King

 Women

      Back to the Kitchen
      Baby Booming
     June and Ward

 Hollywood/Culture
      TV/Education/Comics, etc.
      Blacklists
      Suburbanization

Terms:
Roy Cohn
"Lavender Scare"

Joseph Welch ["Sir, have you no sense of decency"]
"Hollywood Ten"

    Consumption and Culture
        Economic Growth [Military-Industrial Complex
        Organization Men in Gray Flannel Suits   
        Education and Conformity
        "Little Boxes"       

    The "Other" '50s
        "Birth of the Cool"   [Miles]   [Thelonious Monk]      [Charlie "Bird" Parker]     
             ["In the Mood"]    ["A Night in Tunisia"]    ["So What"]  
        Hep Cats, Jazz, and Dope
        The Beat Life  [Ginsberg]  [Kerouac]  [Burroughs]
        Rebels without Causes and JDs
=====
    Terms:
        America   (lyrics)
        Howl
        Mad Magazine    [Alfred E. Newman]   [Bill Gaines]   [Alfred E. Newman] 
        Playboy [Hugh Hefner] 

VIET NAM

Read Vietnam and the Transformation of American Life!!!

Why Viet Nam?
 Anti-Communism/-Nationalism
 Cold War Context
 Economics [rebuilding Asia]

The War
 Attrition War
 Divisions over Strategy
 Air War

Why the U.S. Lost?
 Guerrilla Warfare
 Politics in Viet Nam
 The U.S. Context
======
Terms:
    French Indochina
    Ho Chi Minh
    Viet Minh
    Domino Theory
    Viet Cong
    Ngo Dinh Diem

    World War II and the Northern Migration
    The Legal Challenge to Apartheid
         Brown v. Board
    Montgomery and the Emergence of
            Martin Luther King
    "I Have  a Dream"
    Legislative Triumph: Civil and Voting Rights Acts

 Liberal Backlash, post 1965
    Northern Rage: Malcolm X
    Black Power/Black Panthers
    Poor People's Campaign
    The Assassination of King
=======
Terms:
    Rosa Parks, 12/55
    Emmit Till
    Little Rock, AK
    Sit-Ins [SNCC]
    Freedom Rides
    Freedom Summer
    Birmingham Boycott--"Bull" Connor
    States' Rights
 

The 1960s: Questioning Authority and Commodifying an Era

    The New Left and Antiwar Movement
            "participatory democracy"

    Countercultures: Sex, Drugs, Rock & Roll

    "La Raza Unida"--The Chicano Movement

    Women's Liberation
======
Terms:
    C. Wright Mills 
    SDS [Students for a Democratic Society]
    Port Huron Statement
    Hippies [image]  
    Haight-Asbury    [Jerry Garcia]         [The Airplane]  
    The Pill
    LSD--Timothy Leary ["tune in, turn on, drop out"]
    "Summer of Love" 
    Woodstock  [Jimi]  [Janis]
    Bob Dylan
    The Beatles
    Cesar Chavez--UFW
    Reyes Tijerina [New Mexico]
    Brown Berets
    Betty Friedan--The Feminine Mystique
    Miss America 1968--"freedom trash can"
    SCUM

Foreign Policy
      "Vietnamization" and Kent State
      Ending the War
      Arms Sales

 At Home
     "Law and Order" ?
      Evil Liberals
      Oil Crisis
      Welfare and Environment
      Watergate

 The Legacy
    The Imperial President
    The Last Liberal?

Race and Culture
    Punk and Hip Hop

    Killing Hope
        The New Cold War
        "Star Wars" [SDI] and Military Keynesianism
        Slaughters in Central America

A "New" Cold War

    Aftermath of Detente
       Committee on the Present Danger and "Team B"

Brzezinski in Charge/Carter's Cold  War--Afghanistan and the Olympics

Reagan, Military Keynesianism and the "Evil Empire"

The Gorbachev Alternative

Back to Syllabus
 Back to Main Page
 buzz@uh.edu