History 6393, "Empire, War, & Revolution"
Bob Buzzanco
Tuesday, 5:30-8:30

This is a readings course in U.S. foreign policy and international history, with an integrated emphasis on foreign and domestic sources and consequences of global behaviour and conflict.  We will principally cover the 20th Century, with some brief background.

Structure of the course:  Each week, there will be a common reading for which everyone will be responsible .  In addition to that, each week a certain number of students will read and report individually on books that are relevant to that week's topic.

Assignments and Grading: Each student will be responsible for reading and writing a brief overview, about 2 pages,  of six [6]  different books during the semester.  These reviews will discuss the main arguments of the book, and then give an impression of the book's strengths and weaknesses and what might be expected of future works in the particular area.

Each of these reviews will count for ten [10] points, for a total of sixty [60]  Additionally, each student will prepare an essay based on his/her readings at the end of the semester, worth twenty  [20] points.  And class discussion will count for twenty [20]  points as well. 

N.B.  Unless you don't want me to, I will put all the reviews on the webpage so the class has access to them.  So you  should send me your papers electronically.  Please title the attachments the following way: the files names for your papers should consiste of your last name and the author's last name.  So if my name is John Doe and I'm reading a book by John Gaddis [ha ha], my file attachment would be titled "doegaddis."  It's so much easier for me to put them on website that way. If you don't do it like that, I'll re-send to you for you to rename it.
 

Week 1: Introduction
    
Common: Buzzanco blog, http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/Blog%20Entries.html, William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy; William Appleman Williams, "Charles Austin Beard: The Intellectual as Tory-Radical," in Henry Berger, ed, A William Appleman Williams Reader;  Buzzanco, "What Happened to the New Left . . ." at http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/bernathlecture.htm; John Gaddis, "The Tragedy of Cold War History," Diplomatic History, Winter 1993; Bruce Cumings, "Revising Postrevisionism," Diplomatic History, Fall 1993.

Week 2: Expansion, Ideology, Imperialism . . . in contexts

Common: William Walker, National Security and Core Values in American History,  Noam Chomsky, "The Responsibility of Intellectuals," in Chomsky, American Power and the New Mandarins; Bryan Palmer, Descent into Discourse; Chapter 1 in Major Problems in American Foreign Relations, vol. II

Individual
Michael Hunt, Ideology and Foreign Policy
Tony Smith, America's Mission --   Mahdi
Gabriel Kolko, Century of War   -- Chris
Richard Slotkin, Regeneration Through Violence  -- Amanda
Richard Drinnon, Facing West: The Metaphysics of Indian Hating   -- Travis
Thomas McCormick, America's Half-Century  -- Andrew
Richard Slotkin, The Fatal Environment -- Fernando   ???

Supplemental
Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of Great Powers
Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes
Paul Buhle and Edward Rice-Maximim, William Appleman Williams and the Tragedy of Empire


Week 3: Colonial/19th Century
 

Common: Anders Stephanson, Manifest Destiny; chapters 1-4 [LaFeber and Van Alstyne (2) and Crapol] in Williams, ed., From Colony to Empire; Symposium on Early U.S. Foreign Relations,  (Rosenberg,   Ben-Atar, Gitlin, Onuf, Perkins)  Diplomatic History, Winter 1998; Edward Crapol, Late-Nineteenth-Century U.S. Foreign Relations," Diplomatic History, Fall 1992


Individual

Marc Egnal, A Mighty Empire -- Matt
Drew McCoy, The Elusive Republic  -- Travis
Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution --  Albert
David Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Trade And Investment : American Economic Expansion In The Hemisphere, 1865-1900
Walter LaFeber, The American search for opportunity, 1865-1913  [vol.2, Cambridge] -- Ramiro
William Appleman Williams, The Roots of the Modern American Empire  -- Tomo

Supplemental
Bradford Perkins, The Creation of a Republican Empire, 1776-1865 [vol.1, Cambridge]
William Weeks, John Quincy Adams and American Global Empire and Building the Continental Empire
Scott Nearing, Dollar Diplomacy
Reginald Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny
Lester Langley, The Americas in the Age of Revolution, 1750-1850

Week 4: World War I Era

Common:  chapter 5 [Gardner] in From Colony to Empire; chapters 2,3 in Major Problems, v. 2; Tom Ferguson, "From Normalcy to New Deal"; chapter 6 [Smith] in From Colony to Empire; Holger Herwig, "Clio Deceived: Conquest, Foreign and Domestic, in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany," in Journal of Modern History, March 1984
 
Individual
Lloyd Gardner, Safe for Democracy  --  Fernando
N. Gordon Levin, Woodrow Wilson and World Politics -- Julie
Carl Parrini, Heir to Empire
Martin Sklar, The Corporate Reconstruction Of American Capitalism, 1890-1916  -- Amanda
Arno Mayer, Political Origins of the New Diplomacy -- Chris
Arno Mayer, Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking: Containment and Counterrevolution at Versailles -- Jeffrey
Joan Hoff Wilson, Ideology and Economics -- Tomo

Supplemental
Akira Iriye, The Globalizing of America, 1913-1945 [vol.3, Cambridge]

Emily Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream 
Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion
David Engerman, Modernization from the Other Shore
John Morrow, The Great War: An Imperial History
D.C. Watt, How War Came
Waldo Heinrichs, Threshold of War


Week 5: World War II Era and Origins of the Cold War in Europe

Common: William Walker, “Melvyn P. Leffler, Ideology, and American Foreign Policy,” Diplomatic History Fall 1996chapter 7 [Berger] in From Colony to Empire;  Gerhard Weinberg, "Munich After 50 Years," Foreign Affairs, 1988; Roundtable on World War II Studies, (Bartov, Danchev, Kimball, Koshiro, Lee, Reynolds, Stephanson, Stoler, Weinberg, Weinger)   Diplomatic History, Summer 2001;   chapter 8 [Gardner] in From Colony to Empire; Gaddis, "The Tragedy of Cold War History"; John Gaddis, "Rethinking Cold War History"; Leffler, "Inside Enemy Archives"; Melvyn Leffler, "National Security and US Foreign Policy," and Michael MccGwire, "National Security and Soviet Foreign Policy," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War; Allen Dulles, "The Present Situation in Germany," [reprinted] in Foreign Affairs, November/December 2003; Vladimir Pechatnov, "The Big Three After World War II," CWIHP Working Paper 13**; Brian Murray, "Stalin, the Cold War, and the Division of China," CWIHP, Working Paper 12;  "Stalin's Conversations with Chinese Leaders,"and "New Evidence on Sino-Soviet Relations," CWIHP Bulletin, Issues 6/7; Scott Parrish and Mikhail Narinsky, "New Evidence on the Soviet Rejection of the Marshall Plan," CWIHP Working Paper 9

**CWHIP
is the Cold War International History Project, which is a clearinghouse for new information on the Cold War from sources all over the world.  Its Bulletin and Working Papers are available for download, at http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.home


Individual
Gabriel Kolko, The Politics of War  -- Travis
David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa,
Racing the Enemy -- Fernando
Gar Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb -- Andrew
John Dower, War Without Mercy -- Jeffrey
Gabriel Kolko, The Limits of Power  -- Tomo
Michael Hogan, The Marshall Plan -- Chris
Michael Hogan, A Cross of Iron  -- Julie
Melvyn Leffler, A Preponderance of Power -- Albert
Arnold Offner, Another Such Victory
Carolyn Eisenberg, Drawing the Line

Supplemental
Warren Kimball, Forged in War
John Gaddis, Strategies of Containment
William Roger Louis, Imperialism at Bay
Vladimir Zubok and Constantine Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin's Cold War
Odd Arne Westad, Cold War and Revolution
Frederico Romero, The United States and the European Trade Union Movement
Christopher Thorne, Allies of a Kind
Martin Sherwin, A World Destroyed


Week 6: The 1950s

Common: Christian Ostermann, "The United States, the East German Uprising of 1953, and the Limits of Rollback," CWIHP Working Paper 11; Vladimir Zubok, "Krushchev and the Berlin Crisis," CWIHP Working Paper 6; "New Findings on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution," and "Warsaw Pact Military Planning," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 2; "New Evidence on the Berlin Crisis, 1958-62," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 11; Christian Ostermann, "This is Not A Politburo, But  a Madhouse," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 10; "Poland, 1956," "Hungary and Poland, 1956," "1953 GDR Uprising," "1956 Hungarian Crisis," in CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 5; "Special Feature: New Evidence on the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 8/9

Individual
Warren Cohen, America in the Age of Soviet Power, 1945-1991 [vol.4, Cambridge] -- Julie
Richard Immerman and Robert Bowie, Waging Peace  -- Amanda
Jian Chen, Mao's China and the Cold War -- Ramiro
Bruce Cumings, Korea's Place in the Sun
Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, volume 1: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes -- Jeffrey
Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, volume 2: The Roaring of the Cataract
George Mc.T Kahin and Audrey Kahin, Subversion as Foreign Policy -- Andrew
Irene Gendzier, Notes from the Minefield -- Mahdi
Supplemental
Sergei Goncharov, John W. Lewis, Xue Litai, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War

Jian Chen, China's Road To The Korean War
Mary Ann Heiss, Empire and Nationhood : the United States, Great Britain and  Iranian Oil, 1950-1954
William Stueck, The Korean War
Rosemary Foot, The Wrong War
Shuguang Zhang, Mao's Military Romanticism
Peter Hahn, The United States, Great Britain, and Egypt

Week 7: Asia
 

Common: Frank Kofsky, Did the Truman Administration Deliberately Prolong the Korean War?"; chapters 7-8 in Major Problems, vol. II;  Michael Hunt and Stephen Levine, "Revolutionary Movements in Asia and the Cold War," and Shuguang Zhang, "Threat Perception and Chinese Foreign Policy," and  Bruce Cumings, "Japan and the Asian Periphery," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War;  "New Evidence on the Cold War in Asia," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 12/13; "More New Evidence on the Cold War in Asia," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 8/9
 

Individual
Michael Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship -- Chris

Bruce Cumings, Parallax Visions -- Fernando
Akira Iriye, Across the Pacific -- Albert
Michael Hunt, The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy -- Ramiro
John Dower, Embracing Defeat -- Jeffrey
Michael Schaller, The United States and China
William Walker, Opium and Foreign Policy  -- Andrew
Akira Iriye, Power and Culture -- Travis


Supplemental
Gordon Chang, Friends and Enemies
Warren Cohen, America's Response to China
Nancy Tucker, Patterns in the Dust
Michael Hunt, Frontier Defense and the Open Door
Akira Iriye, Cultural Internationalism and World Order
Thomas McCormick, China Market


Week 8: Latin America/Caribbean
 

Common: Chapter 10 in Major Problems, vol. II;  Roett Memorandum; William Walker, "Mixing the Sweet with the Sour," in Diane Kunz, ed., Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade; Leslie Bethell and Ian Roxborough, "The Impact of the Cold War on Latin America," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War; "Cuba 1962" and 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 5;  "More New Evidence on the Cuban Missile Crisis," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 8/9
 
Individual
Greg Grandin, The Last Colonial Massacre  -- Matt
Greg Grandin, Empire's Workshop: Latin America, The United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism
Thomas O'Brien, The Revolutionary Mission -- Amanda

Louis Perez, Cuba Under the Platt Amendment -- Fernanda
Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World --Andrew
Thomas Paterson, Contesting Castro
John Hart, Empire and Revolution
Mary Renda, Taking Haiti -- Travis
Piero Gleijeses, Shattered Hope -- Jeffrey


Supplemental
Stephen Rabe,  Eisenhower and Latin America
Peter Smith, Talons of the Eagle
Walter LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions
Friedrich Katz, The Secret War in Mexico
Morris Morley, Imperial State And Revolution : The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986
William LeoGrande, Our Own Backyard
Lester Langley, The Banana Men : American Mercenaries And Entrepreneurs In Central America, 1880-1930 

Week 9: Economics/Materialism/Hegemony

Common: Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire; Michael Hogan, "Corporatism,"    ; Carl Parrini, "Theories of Imperialism," and Patrick Hearden, "Herbert Hoover and the Dream of Capitalism in One Country," and Thomas McCormick, ". . . An Essay on Hegemony and Modern American Foreign Policy," all in Lloyd Gardner, ed, Redefining the Past
 

Individual
Benjamin Fordham, Building the Cold War Consensus  -- Julie
Lloyd Gardner, Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy -- Ramiro
David Painter, Oil and the American Century -- Mahdi
Carl Parrini, Heir to Empire
Frank Kofsky, Harry Truman and the War Scare of 1948 -- Julie
Charles Maier, Recasting Bourgeois Europe
Thomas O'Brien, The Century of American Capitalism in Latin America 
Emily Rosenberg, Financial Missionaries to the World
William Borden, The Pacific Alliance
Ellen Meiksins Wood, Democracy Against Capitalism -- Tomo

Supplemental
Allen Matusow, Nixon's Economy
Ken Silverstein, Private Warriors
John Tirman, Spoils of War
Alfred Eckes, Opening America's Markets
Seymour Melman, The Permanent War Economy
Thomas Zeiler, American Trade and Power in the 1960s
Michael Latham, Modernization as Ideology
Lewis Sorley, Arms Transfers Under Nixon
David Calleo, The Imperious Economy
Burton Kaufman, Trade and Aid

Week 10: Cold War at Home/Culture/Race/Gender
 

Common: "Cold War Without End"; Ellen Schrecker, "Interpreting McCarthyism" and "The Impact of McCarthyism"; Victor Navasky, "The Social Costs"; Frank Costigliola, "Tropes of Gender and Pathology," Diplomatic History, Spring 1997;  Andrew Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations" in Hahn and Heiss, eds, Empire and Revolution; Roundtable on Culture, Religion and International Relations, (Rotter, Buzzanco, Dean, Hill)   Diplomatic History, Fall 2000; Symposium on African Americans and U.S. Foreign Relations,   (Anderson, Horne, Krenn, Laville and Lucas, Plummer, Von Eschen)   Diplomatic History, Fall 1996.
 

Individual
Noam Chomsky, Deterring Democracy -- Tomo
Ed Herman and Noam Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent
Philip Jenkins, The Cold War at Home -- Matt
Mary Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights --  Amanda
Ellen Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes
Nancy Bernhard, U.S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda -- Jeffrey
Carol Anderson, Eyes Off the Prize
Lisle Rose, The Cold War Comes to Main Street -- Julie
Frances Saunders, The Cultural Cold War -- Albert


Supplemental
Tom Borstelmann, The Cold War and the Color Line
Reinhold Wagnleitner, Coca-Colonization and the Cold War
Gerald Horne, Black And Red : W.E.B. Du Bois And The Afro-American Response To The Cold War, 1944-1963
Michael Sherry, In the Shadow of War
Tom Engelhardt, The End of Victory Culture
Stephen Whitfield, The Culture of the Cold War
Jessica Gienow-Hecht, Transmission Impossible
Walter Hixson, Parting The Curtain : Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945-1961
Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound
Brenda Gayle Plummer, Rising Wind
Jeff Woods, Black Struggle, Red Scare



Week 11: The Third World

Symposium on the U.S. and the Third World,  (Cobbs, Cullather, Little, Rabe)  Diplomatic History, Winter 1996; Piero Gleijeses, "Flee! The White Giants are Coming . . ." in Hahn and Heiss, eds, Empire and Revolution; Thomas Paterson, "Threat to the Middle East?," in Thomas Paterson, Meeting the Communist Threat; Stephen McFarland, "The Iranian Crisis of 1946 and the Onset of the Cold War," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War; Warren Cohen, Balancing American Interests in the Middle East," in Cohen and Nancy Tucker, eds., Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World; "New Evidence on the Cold War in the Third World and the Collapse of Detente in the 1970s," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue8/9


Individual
Odd Arne Westad,  The Global Cold War -- Andrew
David Schmitz, Thank God They're On Our Side -- Tomo

Gerald Horne, From the Barrel of a Gun -- Ramiro
Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions --  Fernando
Matthew Connolly, A Diplomatic Revolution
Noam Chomsky., The Fateful Triangle
Gabriel Kolko, Confronting the Third World -- Mahdi
Andrew Rotter, Comrades at Odds
Bob McMahon, Cold War on the Periphery -- Chris

Supplemental
Noam Chomsky, The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism
Tom Borstelmann, Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle
Penny Von Eschen, Race Against Empire : Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957
Gary Sick, All Fall Down
Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot
Peter Hahn, Caught in the Middle East
Michael Schaller, Altered States
Anthony Lake, The Tar Baby Option


Week 12: The Vietnam War
 

Common:  Buzzanco, "Fear and (Self-)Loathing in Lubbock . . . ";  responses by Taylor, and Miller;   Buzzanco, "The United States in Vietnam: Capitalism, Communism, and Containment, " in Hahn and Heiss, eds, Empire and Revolution;  Lawrence Bassett and Stephen Pelz, "The Failed Search for Victory," in Thomas Paterson, ed., Kennedy's Quest for Victory; Walter LaFeber, "Johnson, Vietnam, and Tocqueville," and Frank Costigliola, "Lyndon B. Johnson, Germany and 'The End of the Cold War',"  in Warren Cohen and Nancy Tucker, eds, Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World; "New Evidence on the Vietnam/Indochina Wars," CWIHP Bulletin, Issues 6/7; Qiang Zhai, "Beijing and the Vietnam Peace Talks," CWIHP Working Paper 18

Individual
Gabriel Kolko, Anatomy of a War 
Bob Buzzanco, Masters of War  -- Albert
James Carter,  Inventing Vietnam -- Chris
Qiang Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars
Ilya Gaiduk, Confronting Vietnam
Lloyd Gardner, Approaching Vietnam -- Jeffrey
Andrew Rotter, The Path to Vietnam
David Anderson, Trapped by Success
George McT. Kahin, Intervention
Larry Berman, No Peace, No Honor
Jeffrey Kimball, Nixon's Vietnam War -- Julie

Supplemental
Jeffrey Kimball, The Vietnam War Files
William Shawcross, Sideshow
Daniel Ellsberg, Secrets
Larry Berman, Planning a Tragedy
Bruce Franklin, M.I.A. or Mythmaking in America
Lawrence Freedman, Kennedy's Wars
Robert McNamara, In Retrospect
Philip Catton, Diem's Final Failure
                               

Week 13: After Vietnam

Common:  Symposia on The End of the Cold War, Diplomatic History, Winter 1992 and Spring 1992; Roundtable on The American Century, (Luce,
Hunt Berghahn, Brands, Cumings, Hodgson, Hoff, Horne,  Iriye, Jervis, Kroes, LaFeber, Lundestad, Rosenberg, Smith)  Diplomatic History, Spring 1999 and Summer 1999; Andrew Battista, "Unions and Cold War in the 1980s," Diplomatic History, Summer 2002;  Frank Costigliola, "Lyndon B. Johnson, Germany and 'The End of the Cold War',"  in Warren Cohen and Nancy Tucker, eds, Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World; "New Evidence on the End of the Cold War," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 12/13

Individual
Jeremy Suri, Power and Protest
Joan Hoff, Nixon Reconsidered

Rick Perlstein, Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus
Raymond Garthoff, Detente And Confrontation : American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan -- Albert        
William Bundy, A Tangled Web
Michael Klare, Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws -- Amanda  
Theodore Draper, A Very Thin Line
David Halberstam, War in a Time of Peace
Richard Ned LeBow and Janice Gross Stein, We All Lost the Cold War  --  Ramiro
Tariq Ali, A Banker for All Seasons -- Mahdi

Supplemental
John Lewis Gaddis, We Know Now

Noam Chomsky, World Orders Old and New
Seymour Hersh, The Price of Power
Kai Bird, The Color of Truth
Raymond Bonner, Weakness and Deceit
Bob Woodward, The Commanders
Jean Edward Smith, George Bush's War
Warren Christopher, In the Stream of History
George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed


Week 14: Current Crises

Noam Chomsky, "Old Wine, New Bottles"; Noam Chomsky, "Market Democracy in a Neoliberal Order," Pretexts, 1998; Noam Chomsky, "The Passion for Free Markets"    Pratap Chatterjee, Halliburton's Army

Individual
Walter LaFeber, Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism , and  Joseph Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents
William Greider, One World, Ready or Not -- Jeffrey
 Norman Finkelstein, Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict 
Thomas Ricks, Fiasco
Rajiv Chandrasekaran, Imperial Life in the Emerald City
Tariq Ali, The Clash of Fundamentalisms -- Mahdi
Immanuel Wallerstein, The Decline of American Power
Noam Chomsky, Hegemony or  Survival 
Noam Chomsky, The New Military Humanism
Chalmers Johnson, Blowback
Chalmers Johnson, The Sorrows of Empire  --  Jeffrey
Noreena Hertz, The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy

Supplemental
Alan Friedman, Spider's Web
Gabriel Kolko, Another Century of War?
Edward Luttwak, Turbo Capitalism
Noreena Hertz, The Debt Threat
Amy Chua, World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability
Andrew J. Bacevich, American Empire
Phyllis Bennis, Before and After
Alfred Eckes and Thomas Zeiler, Globalization and the American Century
Niall Ferguson, Empire





Final Essays